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Risk Phrases
Indication of Particular Risks
R1   Explosive when dry R35   Causes severe burns 
R2   Risk of explosion by shock, friction, fire or other sources of ignition R36   Irritating to the eyes 
R3   Extreme risk of explosion by shock, friction, fire or other sources of ignition  R37   Irritating to the respiratory system 
R4   Forms very sensitive explosive metallic compounds  R38   Irritating to the skin 
R5   Heating may cause an explosion  R39   Danger of very serious irreversible effects 
R6   Explosive with or without contact with air  R40   Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect 
R7   May cause fire  R41   Risk of serious damage to eyes 
R8   Contact with combustible material may cause fire  R42   May cause sensitization by inhalation 
R9   Explosive when mixed with combustible material  R43   May cause sensitization by skin contact 
R10   Flammable  R44   Risk of explosion if heated under confinement 
R11   Highly Flammable  R45   May cause cancer 
R12   Extremely Flammable  R46   May cause heritable genetic damage 
R14   Reacts violently with water  R48   Danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure 
R15   Contact with water liberates extremely flammable gases  R49   May cause cancer by inhalation 
R16   Explosive when mixed with oxidizing substances  R50   Very Toxic to aquatic organisms 
R17   Spontaneously flammable in air  R51   Toxic to aquatic organisms 
R18   In use may form flammable/explosive vapor-air mixture  R52   Harmful to aquatic organisms 
R19   May form explosive peroxides  R53   May cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment 
R20   Harmful by inhalation  R54   Toxic to flora 
R21   Harmful in contact with skin  R55   Toxic to fauna 
R22   Harmful if swallowed  R56   Toxic to soil organisms 
R23   Toxic by inhalation  R57   Toxic to bees 
R24   Toxic in contact with skin  R58   May cause long-term adverse effects in the environment 
R25   Toxic if swallowed  R59   Dangerous for the ozone layer 
R26   Very Toxic by inhalation  R60   May impair fertility 
R27   Very Toxic in contact with skin  R61   May cause harm to the unborn child 
R28   Very Toxic if swallowed  R62   Possible risk of impaired fertility 
R29   Contact with water liberates toxic gas  R63   Possible risk of harm to the unborn child 
R30   Can become highly flammable in use  R64   May cause harm to breast-fed babies 
R31   Contact with acids liberates toxic gas  R65   Harmful: May cause lung damage if swallowed 
R32   Contact with acids liberates very toxic gas  R66   Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking 
R33   Danger of cumulative effects  R67   Vapors may cause drowsiness and dizziness 
R34   Causes burns  R68   Possible risk of irreversible effects 
 
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Combination of Particular Risks
R14/15 Reacts violently with water, liberating extremely flammable gases  R39/27 Very Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects in contact with skin 
R15/29 Contact with water liberates toxic, extremely flammable gas  R39/27/28 Very Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects in contact with skin and if swallowed 
R20/21 Harmful by inhalation and in contact with skin  R39/28 Very Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects if swallowed 
R20/21/22 Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed  R42/43 May cause sensitization by inhalation and skin contact 
R20/22 Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed  R48/20 Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation 
R21/22 Harmful in contact with skin and if swallowed  R48/20/21 Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation and in contact with skin 
R23/24 Toxic by inhalation and in contact with skin  48/20/21/22 Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation, and in contact with skin and if swallowed 
R23/24/25 Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed  R48/20/22 Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation and if swallowed 
R23/25 Toxic by inhalation and if swallowed  R48/21 Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure in contact with skin 
R24/25 Toxic in contact with skin and if swallowed  R48/21/22 Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure in contact with skin and if swallowed 
R26/27 Very Toxic by inhalation and in contact with skin  R48/22 Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure if swallowed 
R26/27/28 Very Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed  R48/23 Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation 
R26/28 Very Toxic by inhalation and if swallowed  R48/23/24 Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation and in contact with skin 
R27/28 Very Toxic in contact with skin and if swallowed  48/23/24/25 Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed 
R36/37  Irritating to eyes and respiratory system  R48/23/25 Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation and if swallowed 
R36/37/38 Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin  R48/24 Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure in contact with skin 
R36/38 Irritating to eyes and skin  R48/24/25 Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure in contact with skin and if swallowed 
R37/38 Irritating to respiratory system and skin  R48/25 Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure if swallowed 
R39/23 Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation  R50/53 Very Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment 
R39/23/24 Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation in contact with skin  R51/53 Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment 
39/23/24/25 Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed  R52/53 Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment 
R39/23/25 Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation and if swallowed  R68/20 Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects through inhalation 
R39/24  Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects in contact with skin  R68/20/21 Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects through inhalation and in contact with skin 
R39/24/25 Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects in contact with skin and if swallowed  68/20/21/22 Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed 
R39/25 Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects if swallowed  R68/20/22 Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects through inhalation and if swallowed 
R39/26 Very Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation  R68/22 Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects if swallowed 
R39/26/27 Very Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation and in contact with skin  R68/21 Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects in contact with skin 
39/26/27/28 Very Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed  R68/21/22 Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects in contact with skin and if swallowed 
R39/26/28 Very Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation and if swallowed  R68/22 Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects if swallowed 
 
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